Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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| 1. | When
evaluating precooked breaded chicken patties, which of the following is not considered
"Foreign material"? a. | mouse dropping(s) | c. | insect(s) | b. | filler
material | d. | hair(s) | | | | |
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| 2. | The
discoloration and dehydration of poultry skin during storage is commonly called: a. | blue
back | c. | bruising | b. | appreciable meat yield loss | d. | freezer burn | | | | |
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| 3. | An
egg shell is composed of three layers and constitutes approximately 11 percent of total egg
weight. Which of the following are the three sheel layers? a. | chalaziferous,
inner thin, and outer thin | c. | mamillary,
spongy, and cuticle | b. | allantois, amnionic, and
uterine | d. | epidermis,
dermis, and subcutaneous | | | | |
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| 4. | The
various species of poultry belong to the class Aves. Which of the following common types of
poultry is a member of the order Anseriformes? a. | ducks | c. | turkeys | b. | chickens | d. | pheasant | | | | |
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| 5. | The
breast muscles of chickens and turkeys are very light in color because of a low level
of
pigment. a. | hemoglobin | c. | melanic | b. | myoglobin | d. | xanthophyll | | | | |
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| 6. | Avian
red blood cells differ from those of mammals because they: a. | transport
oxygen | c. | are
nucleated | b. | contain hemoglobin | d. | are formed by the skeletal system | | | | |
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| 7. | Which
part of the avian digestive system stores and softens food? It is believed that this
structure's "degree of fullness" is involved in regulating feeding
activity. a. | ingulvies | c. | proventriculis | b. | cecum | d. | jejunum | | | | |
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| 8. | Pterylae is/are the: a. | Genus name for pheasants | c. | feather tracts found in a fowl's skin | b. | scientific name
for a fowl's wattles | d. | cartilaginous
rings composing the trachea of birds | | | | |
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| 9. | In
modern poultry production and management systems, respiratory infections are common problems that
confront producers. Which of the following plays a role in the susceptibility of birds to the
occurence of respiratory infections? a. | high concentrations of dust | c. | both A and B | b. | the fact that
the nine air sacs which form part of the avian respiratory system are mostly devoid of blood
vessels | d. | Neither A or
B | | | | |
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| 10. | Factors such as nutritional deficiencies, toxic poisons, and injuries are frequently
the causes of: a. | noninfectious
diseases | c. | Both A and
B | b. | infectious
diseases | d. | Neither A or
B | | | | |
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| 11. | Which
of the following forms of immunity is an example of "passive immunity"? a. | immunity
resulting from vaccination | c. | immunity from
the hen to the chick by the way of the egg | b. | immunity resultiung from direct exposure to a
disease | d. | none of these
are examples of passive immunity | | | | |
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| 12. | Egg
transmission is the "major mode of transmission" for which of the following
diseases? a. | Infectious
Coryza | c. | Mycoplasmosis
(MG) | b. | Fowl
Pox | d. | Aspergillosis | | | | |
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| 13. | Which
of the following "major gross symptoms" is not associated with the poultry disease
Infectious Bronchitis? a. | a decline or drop in egg
production | c. | poor shell
quality | b. | repiratory stress | d. | swelling around the face and eyes | | | | |
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| 14. | Rickets is caused by a lack of mineralization of the bone resulting from a dificiency
of calcium, phosphorous, and/or vitamin D. Which is the "most probable cause" of
rickets? a. | a deficiency of
the mineral phosphorus | c. | an imbalance
between the minerals phosphorus and calcium | b. | a deficiency of
the mineral calcium | d. | a vitamin D
deficiency | | | | |
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| 15. | Following processing, ready-to-cook broilers should be chilled at least
degrees F internal temperature.
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| 16. | A
bird relies almost completely on and
for its excess heat disposal. a. | convection and radiation | c. | dehumidification and evaporative
cooling | b. | conduction and evaporation | d. | perpiration and panting | | | | |
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Formula for Dead Poultry Composting
Material
Parts by Weight
Poultry
Manure
20 to 30
Poultry
Carcass
10
Wheat Straw
1
Water (add sparingly)
0 to 5
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| 17. | According to the chart provided, as a method for disposing of dead birds by
composting, what is the appropriate ratio (parts by weight) or poultry manure to poultry
carcass(es)?
a. | 2 to 3 parts
poultry manure to 1 part poultry carcass(es) | c. | 20 to 30 parts poultry manure to 10 parts poultry
carcass(es) | b. | 1 part poultry manure to 2 to 3 parts poultry
carcass(es) | d. | Both A and C are
correct | | | | |
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| 18. | Using
the correct parts by weight ratio derived from question 23 and assuming a producer has 10,000
pounds of poultry manure available for composting, what are the maximum pounds of poultry carcass(es)
the producer will be able to compost (assume maximum efficiency)? a. | 2,000
pounds | c. | 5,000
pounds | b. | 4,000 pounds | d. | 10,000 pounds | | | | |
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| 19. | In
poultry house temperature management, the use of a properly designed and operated fan and pad cooling
system can keep the house temperature
to degrees F lower than the outdoor
temperature. a. | 15;
25 | c. | 5;
10 | b. | 20;
30 | d. | 25;
35 | | | | |
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Nutrient Content in Various Types of Poultry Wastes
Nutrient | Broiler Litter
(lb/ton) | Layer litter High Rise System
(lb/ton) | Layer litter Lagoon System (lb/1,000
gal)
Liquid
Sludge | Nitrogen
(N) | 62 | 30 | 6.2
32 | Phosphate (P2O5) | 60 | 26 | 1.9
46 | Potash (K2O) | 40 | 10 | --
-- | | | | |
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| 20. | Using
the chart above, approximately how many pounds of Nitrogen (N) can a high rise system egg producer
anticipate, is his.her layers produce 50 tons of poultry waste? (Assume that one ton equals 2,000
pounds)
a. | 1,500 pounds | c. | 310 pounds | b. | 3,100
pounds | d. | 1,300
pounds | | | | |
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Estimated Manure Production by Various Poultry
Type of Poultry | Market or adult live weight
(lb/bird) | # of birds equivalent to a 1,000 lb. animal
unit | # of flocks/yr | Amount of feed
eaten per animal (lb/growing period) | Amount of feed
eaten per animal (lb/yr) | Amount of manure produced per animal
(lb/yr) | Layer, light | 4 | 250 | 1 | 77/52 wk | 77 | 15.4 | Layer,
heavy | 7 | 143 | 1 | 90/52
wk | 90 | 18.0 | Pullet | 3 | 333 | 2 | 15/20
wk | 30 | 6.0 | Broiler | 4 | 250 | 6 | 9/7
wk | 54 | 10.8 | Roaster | 7 | 143 | 4 | 18/10
wk | 72 | 14.4 | Turkey | 20 | 50 | 2 | 60/20
wk | 120 | 24.0 | | | | | | | |
Figure may vary with animal, ration, and
season.
Note: Pounds of feed at least 11% to 13% moisture x 0.20 = pounds of
manure (dry weight basis). Fresh manure is 75% - 80% moisture. Manure can be air dried in
the poultry house to 15% - 25% moisture.
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| 21. | Using
the chart above to "estimate" the amound of manure a 5,000 bird flock (Layer, heavy) will
produce in one year. (Assume that one ton equals 2,000 pounds. a. | 22.5
tons | c. | 38.5
tons | b. | 45
tons | d. | 90
tons | | | | |
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| 22. | The
typical temperature range reached during the composting of poultry manure varies from 140 to 160
degrees F. The microorganisms that function under these temperature conditions are called
"heat loving" or
organisms. a. | aerobic | c. | hypothermic | b. | anaerobic | d. | thermophilic | | | | |
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| 23. | If
birds receive a "hard scald" during processing, the temperature range of the scalded water
will be
degrees F and the duration of the scald will last
seconds. a. | 123-130;
90-120 | c. | 200-212;
15-20 | b. | 140-160; 60-90 | d. | 160-180; 30-60 | | | | |
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